Summary about Disease
Endometrial cancer is a type of cancer that begins in the endometrium, the inner lining of the uterus. It's most often adenocarcinoma, which starts in gland cells of the endometrium. It's one of the most common gynecologic cancers.
Symptoms
Abnormal vaginal bleeding (bleeding between periods, heavier periods, or any bleeding after menopause)
Vaginal discharge that is watery or blood-tinged
Pelvic pain
Pain during urination
Pain during intercourse
Unexplained weight loss
Causes
The exact cause of endometrial cancer is often unknown, but it's linked to an excess of estrogen in the body without enough progesterone. Risk factors include:
Obesity
Older age
Early onset of menstruation
Late menopause
Never having been pregnant
Hormone therapy (estrogen without progesterone)
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS)
Diabetes
Family history of endometrial, colon, or ovarian cancer
Medicine Used
Treatment may involve:
Surgery: Hysterectomy (removal of the uterus) and often removal of the ovaries and fallopian tubes.
Radiation therapy: Can be external beam or internal (brachytherapy).
Chemotherapy: Used to kill cancer cells throughout the body.
Hormone therapy: Progestin or anti-estrogen medications, especially for certain types of endometrial cancer.
Targeted therapy: Medications that target specific vulnerabilities in cancer cells.
Immunotherapy: Drugs that help your immune system fight cancer.
Is Communicable
No, endometrial cancer is not communicable. It cannot be spread from person to person.
Precautions
While you can't completely prevent endometrial cancer, you can reduce your risk:
Maintain a healthy weight.
Discuss hormone therapy options with your doctor if needed.
If you have PCOS or diabetes, manage your conditions effectively.
Consider genetic testing if you have a strong family history of related cancers.
Report any abnormal vaginal bleeding to your doctor promptly.
How long does an outbreak last?
Endometrial cancer is not an outbreak. This question is not applicable.
How is it diagnosed?
Pelvic Exam: Physical examination by a doctor.
Transvaginal Ultrasound: Imaging to visualize the uterus.
Endometrial Biopsy: A sample of the uterine lining is taken and examined under a microscope. This is the primary way to diagnose endometrial cancer.
Hysteroscopy: A thin, lighted tube is inserted into the uterus to view the lining.
Dilation and Curettage (D&C): Tissue is scraped from the uterine lining.
Imaging Tests: CT scans, MRI, or PET scans to determine if the cancer has spread.
Timeline of Symptoms
There isn't a specific "timeline" as the onset and progression of symptoms vary greatly. Some women may experience subtle symptoms for months or years, while others may have a sudden onset of significant bleeding. The time it takes for a diagnosis will depend on the individual and the progression of their disease.
Important Considerations
Early detection is crucial for successful treatment.
Endometrial cancer is highly treatable, especially when caught early.
Discuss all treatment options with your doctor to make informed decisions.
Consider getting a second opinion.
Support groups and counseling can provide emotional support.
Regular checkups and reporting any unusual symptoms to your doctor are very important.